Search results for " ADRENAL."
showing 10 items of 62 documents
Apolipoprotein AI and HDL are reduced in stable cirrhotic patients with adrenal insufficiency: a possible role in glucocorticoid deficiency
2015
Backgrounds and aims: Adrenal insufficiency (AI) has been reported in patients with stable cirrhosis. A lack of substrates has been suggested as a possible contributing pathogenic mechanism leading to glucocorticoid deficiency in these subjects. To better explore this hypothesis, we studied lipoproteins in cirrhotics with and without AI. Methods. A total of 81 cirrhotic patients and 30 normal volunteers were enrolled. The severity of liver disease was graded by Child-Pugh score. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), and apolipoprotein AI (Apo-AI) levels were evaluated. HDL subfractions were measured by gradient gel electrop…
Adrenal myelolipoma associated with adenoma
2004
The association of an adrenal myelolipoma with a non-functioning adenoma is very rare. Herein, we report on such a case in an asymptomatic 64-year-old woman. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one other case of non-functioning adrenocortical adenoma associated with myelolipoma in the same gland. Furthermore, only two other adenomas (mineral corticoids and corticosteroid producing tumors) associated with myelolipomas have been reported, and both myelolipomas were less than 1 cm in size. In conclusion, the 8.5 cm myelolipoma in our case is the largest compared with the three previously reported ones.
Trattamento laparoscopico del Mielolipoma surrenalico: caso clinico e revisione della letteratura.
2006
Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign, non-functioning tumor consisting of fat and hematopoietic tissues. In January 2005 we had observed an adrenal myelolipoma in 70 year old man. During the follow-up for bladder urothelioma, an abdominal CT revaled a well delineated 4x4 cm homogeneous fatty mass in the right suprarenal area with negative attenuation values. The functional study of adrenal gland was normal. The patient underwent videolaparoscopic right adrenalectomy (Gagner technique). Postoperative course was uneventful. The istological diagnosis showed adrenal myelolipoma. We conclude that videolaparoscopic adrenalectomy should be considered the gold standard treatment for benign adrenal …
Epidemiology, diagnosis and management of hirsutism: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society.
2012
Background Hirsutism, defined by the presence of excessive terminal hair in androgen-sensitive areas of the female body, is one of the most common disorders in women during reproductive age. Methods We conducted a systematic review and critical assessment of the available evidence pertaining to the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of hirsutism. Results The prevalence of hirsutism is ~10% in most populations, with the important exception of Far-East Asian women who present hirsutism less frequently. Although usually caused by relatively benign functional conditions, with the polycystic ovary syndrome leading the list of the most frequent etiologies, hirsutism may be th…
The Relationship between COVID-19 and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: A Large Spectrum from Glucocorticoid Insufficiency to Excess-The CAPISCO I…
2022
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly heterogeneous disease regarding severity, vulnerability to infection due to comorbidities, and treatment approaches. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis has been identified as one of the most critical endocrine targets of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that might significantly impact outcomes after infection. Herein we review the rationale for glucocorticoid use in the setting of COVID-19 and emphasize the need to have a low index of suspicion for glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency, adjusting for the glucocorticoid formulation used, dose, treatment duration, and underlying health problems. We a…
Reproductive Dysfunction in Classical and Nonclassical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
2021
Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) both with severe (classical CAH) and mild (nonclassical NCAH) forms exhibit a wide spectrum of reproductive dysfunction. In this review, only CAH cases with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHd) will be discussed, as they represent almost all of the patients in reproductive clinical settings.
Vergleich der Wertigkeit von Magnetresonanztomographie und Computertomographie bei Patienten mit Nelson-Syndrom
1992
The hypophyses of 13 patients with Nelson syndrome following bilateral adrenalectomy were examined by MRI and CT. Diffuse enlargement of the hypophysis was demonstrated in 8 patients by CT and in 9 by MRI. Compared with CT, MRI provides better demonstration of tumour development, such as abnormal convexity of the cranial margin of the hypophysis (MRI 4/13, CT 1/13), displacement of the infundibulum (MRI 4/13, CT 0/13) or optic chiasm (MRI 2/13, CT 0/13). MRI also provides diagnostically important differentiation between scar tissue and recurrence of tumour following hypophysectomy (MRI 1/3, CT 0/3) and more accurate demonstration of infiltration of the cavernous sinus (MRI 4/13, CT 2/13). C…
Use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs in inflammatory bowel disease: Clinical practice guidelines of the Italian Group for the Study of …
2017
Abstract The two main forms of intestinal bowel disease, namely ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are not curable but can be controlled by various medical therapies. The Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IG-IBD) has prepared clinical practice guidelines to help physicians prescribe corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs for these patients. The guidelines consider therapies that induce remission in patients with active disease as well as treatment regimens that maintain remission. These guidelines complement already existing guidelines from IG-IBD on the use of biological drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
Excision of ectopic adrenocortical tissue during laparoscopy for isolated tubal torsion
2017
Ectopic adrenal tissue is an occasional finding during surgery procedures. These remnants are usually found near the primary gland or along the course of gonadal vessels consistently with embryologic development. The appearance is of a small but distinct, soft, round, yellow nodule and only cortical adrenal tissue is normally observed. We report a case of an emergency laparoscopic salpingostomy for isolated tubal torsion with excision of EAT, incidentally found in left ovarian pedicle, followed by postoperative resumption of regular menses and regression of hirsutism. Although intraoperative research of ectopic adrenal tissue is not necessary its removal is indicated in case of incidental f…
Glycometabolic Alterations in Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency: Does Replacement Therapy Play a Role?
2018
Secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) is a potentially life-threatening endocrine disorder due to an impairment of corticotropin (ACTH) secretion from any process affecting the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. ACTH deficit can be isolated or associated with other pituitary failures (hypopituitarism). An increased mortality due to cardiovascular, metabolic, and infectious diseases has been described in both primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency. However, few studies have provided compelling evidences on the underlying mechanism in SAI, because of the heterogeneity of the condition. Recently, some studies suggested that inappropriate glucocorticoid (GCs) replacement therapy, as for dose…